Learning French: what does être costaud mean and when should it be used?

Il est vraiment costaud !

This slang, informal term is used to describe something or someone as being physically strong or sturdy. 

We look at the varying contexts when you can use this word as both a noun and an adjective, and suggest even more solid synonyms to say in France. 

What does être costaud mean?

Etre costaud(e) is a casual, 19th-Century term that literally translates as: to be strong. 

It is a noun that refers to someone physically strong, and can also be used as an adjective to describe a person or object as being well-built or sturdy. 

Informal synonyms include:

• Baraqué(e) - Burly

• Robuste - Hardy

• Solide - Solid

• Balèze/balaise - Hefty

You might even hear the informal phrase, c'est du costaud (it is tough stuff), to deem something as being literally solid or metaphorically heavy. 

Read also: Learning French: the origins and meaning of avoir le cœur qui bat la chamade

There is some debate as to whether costaud is invariable, or whether an ‘e’ should be added when referring to ‘female’ subjects. 

Costaude is accepted but French dictionaries tend to consider that it is rarely used. Most French people would raise an eyebrow at the feminine form, even when referring to the physical strength of a woman.

Some people choose to purposefully add an ‘e’ to make a statement about French grammar typically employing the masculine over the feminine.

When do you say être costaud?

This word can be used in different contexts to refer to something or someone as being strong, for example:

To describe a physically muscular person:

• Il peut battre n'importe qui au bras de fer. C’est un vrai costaud. - He can beat anyone in an arm-wrestle. He is really strong. 

To describe a sturdy object or construction: 

• Ne t'inquiète pas, les étagères sont costauds. Tu peux y mettre autant de livres que tu le souhaites. - Don't worry, the shelves are completely solid. You can put as many books on them as you like. 

To describe an overpowering taste or smell:

• Dis donc, ce cocktail est costaud ! - Wow, this cocktail is lethal!

To describe a figuratively heavy or hard-hitting subject:

• Tu as vu la scene d'ouverture d'Il faut sauver le soldat Ryan ? C’est du costaud. - Have you seen the opening scene of Saving Private Ryan? It is intense. 

Read also: Fort comme un Turc and more French phrases inspired by other cultures

To whom do you say être costaud?

It is informal language that can be used with friends and family in casual situations.

You could also say this to colleagues or strangers without causing any serious offence, however a more neutral alternative is simply: être fort(e).

If you would like us to explain a particular word or expression, or if you have any other Learning French suggestions, let us know at: feedback@connexionfrance.com