What hasn’t changed
Let’s start with what has not changed since last year.
The income tax rules and rates remain the same, though the income bands have been indexed for inflation. The 30% ‘flat tax’ continues to apply to investment income.
The key social charges are also unchanged from last year, and so are 9.7% for employment income, 9.1% for pension income and 17.2% for investment income. But there are two new rates which may affect you if you are retired – see below.
2018 saw the introduction of the reformed wealth tax Impôt sur la Fortune Immobilière (IFI), which only applies to real estate assets. This remains in place and the rates and thresholds are the same, but it may only last this coming year. After the gilets jaunes protests the government set up a committee to analyse whether it should revert back to the 2017 wealth tax that covered most of a household’s assets.
Succession tax remains the same as last year too, which is good news if you are trying to make concrete plans for estate planning and wealth transfer between generations.
Changes to social charges
There is good news for some retired expatriates.If you receive less than €2,000 in pension income per month (€3,000 for a couple), your rate is reduced from 9.1% to 7.4%. (As always, you are exempt on pension income if you have Form S1 or are not subject to the French healthcare system.)
Secondly, individuals covered by the health system of another EU/EEA country now only need to pay 7.5% social charges on their investment income, instead of 17.2%.
This benefits retired expatriates in France who have an S1 Form, as well as non-residents in the EU/EEA with French source income.
This new 7.5% rate applies from January 2018 for capital gains and rental income from unfurnished properties, and from January 2019 for investment and passive income (bank interest, dividends, withdrawals from assurance vie etc).
PAYE
If you earn French income, such as employment and local pensions, income tax should now be deducted at source each month.
If you are in receipt of other income subject to PAYE, like self-employment and rental income, UK pensions etc, you should have set up a direct debit to pay tax monthly or quarterly.
Note that the monthly tax payment is not calculated on the current year’s income, but on the income declared in your last tax return.
You may therefore have a balance to pay at the end of the year (or may be owed a refund). PAYE does not apply to investment income, so you continue to pay tax as previously.
Declaring foreign accounts and policies
France has long had a rule that you have to declare non-French bank accounts and insurance policies opened, closed or used during the year. Under France’s anti-fraud act 2018, you now also need to declare non-active accounts. The sanctions for non-disclosure were also reinforced last year.
Brexit
Taxation is a domestic issue, and double tax treaties are agreed between the two countries concerned. So Brexit generally does not affect how UK nationals living in France are taxed.
That said, under their domestic rules, some countries do tax non-EU/EEA assets differently to domestic/EU assets. In this case some people could be affected.
Under French tax rules, very beneficial tax treatment can apply to life assurance/assurance vie policies. However, some of the key advantages only apply to EU policies.
If you are resident in France and have a UK life assurance policy, and the UK ends up outside the European Economic Area as well as outside the EU – and no equivalent arrangements are put in place – you could end up facing much larger tax bills.
Some people could also be affected by France’s ‘exit tax’. France imposes a charge on capital gains if an individual who has been resident in France for six out of the last 10 years leaves the country, and their total shareholdings are valued at over €800,000 or they own more than 50% share of a company.
The tax – the 30% flat tax charged on investment income – arises the day before the individual departs and is levied on the gains accrued while French resident (even though the shares have not been sold and so no gain is realised).
This tax is deferred (until the shares are sold, reimbursed etc) when the individual moves to an EU member state, or an EEA state with a tax assistance agreement with France, or to a third country with a tax information exchange agreement and the individual is moving for professional reasons. It can also be granted, or the charge may be cancelled and reimbursed, in some other situations.
Brexit could therefore be significant for those potentially affected by this tax.
In this case, take personalised advice to clarify the situation (exit tax has various rules and conditions) and to find out if you should revise your investment arrangements.
Tax planning, both for yourself and your heirs, is a very personal issue; there is no one-size-fits-all solution.
Take specialist advice based on your objectives and family circumstances to determine exactly how you are affected by the various tax rules and what steps you can take to keep your tax liabilities as low as possible.
This article is byBill Blevinsof Blevins Franks financial advice group who also writes for the Sunday Times on overseas finance. He is co-author of the Blevins Franks Guide to Living in France (www.blevinsfranks.com).
Tax rates, scope and reliefs may change. Any statements concerning taxation are based upon our understanding of current taxation laws and practices which are subject to change. Tax information has been summarised; an individual is advised to seek personalised advice.
